The incident caused him to create the Playboy Foundation, which fights censorship and benefits nonprofit organizations that research sexuality.
The magazine stopped publishing fully nude images beginning with the March 2016 issue due to increased competition from online sources making images of naked women - the central feature of Playboy's image - easier to find. The announcement came in October 2015. The magazine, however, continues to publish risque photos and name a playmate each month.
Hefner was born in 1926, the older of two boys, and had four children of his own. He married Mildred Williams in 1949 and had a son, David, and daughter, Christie, who took over the reins of Playboy in 1982 before stepping down in 2009.
Hefner and Williams divorced in 1959 and as a result his image as a man about town began to blossom. Between 1959 and 1985, Hefner became known for dating many of the women who appeared in the magazine and hosted wild parties at his Los Angeles-area mansion. His lifestyle was chronicled and promoted in the magazine.
Hefner suffered a minor stroke in 1985 and he started to scale back the late-night parties.
His daughter took over the company three years later and in 1989, Hefner married Kimberly Conrad, who had been a Playmate of the Year. The couple had two sons, Marston and Cooper, and the party lifestyle was replaced by a quiet family life. The couple separated in 1998 and divorced in 2010.
Hefner resumed his previous ways, dating up to as many as seven girls at once before trimming the brood to three. Those three – Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt and Kendra Wilkinson – became known as the Girls Next Door after their reality TV series of the same name. They subsequently became arguably the most famous of Hefner's legendary string of companions.
The Girls Next Door all departed the Playboy Mansion, where they lived as Hefner's girlfriends, in 2008, and by 2010 the famous bachelor was ready to be married again. He proposed to Crystal Harris on Christmas Eve. The two planned to marry six months later, but Harris called off the wedding five days before it was to take place at the Playboy Mansion.
She was also scheduled to appear in a celebratory issue of Playboy that month, and in response to the cancellation, the pictorial proceeded as planned with a "Runaway Bride" patch displayed prominently on the cover. The two later reconciled, Harris moved back in with Hefner and they were engaged again late in 2012 and were married in a small ceremony at the Playboy Mansion on New Year's Eve.
Hefner was involved in many philanthropic activities, and hosted numerous charity functions at the Playboy Mansion. His daughter also created the Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award to help raise money for the CORE Center in Chicago, the Midwest's first outpatient AIDS clinic.
Though he never met Monroe, Hefner purchased the crypt next to her in Hollywood's Westwood Village Memorial Park in 1992 because of the influence she had on launching the magazine.
